Discover the history, myths and architectural beauty of Ratu Boko Temple in Sleman, a Javanese cultural heritage full of stories and natural charm.
Ratu Boko Temple, located in Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, is one of the historical sites that holds a unique blend of legend, culture, and natural beauty.
Known as a location rich in mystical stories, this temple is a favorite destination for tourists who want to enjoy the spiritual nuance while witnessing the stunning ancient architecture. This article thoroughly examines the legend, history, and architectural appeal of Ratu Boko Temple.
Legend and History of Ratu Boko Temple
The name Ratu Boko refers to the Javanese tradition of referring to “queen” as a leader, whether male or female.
In local legend, Ratu Boko is known as the father of Roro Jonggrang, the main character in the story of the origins of Prambanan Temple. This story also involves Bandung Bondowoso, a prince who loves Roro Jonggrang.
From a historical perspective, Ratu Boko Temple was built in 792 AD by Rakai Panangkaran. Initially, this complex was not a temple, but a monastery called Abhayagiri dedicated to the spiritual life of Buddha.
Its location in the hills with an area of 25 hectares provides a calm and peaceful atmosphere, suitable for meditation and religious activities. Visiting this serene site is one of the Things to do Sleman, offering a perfect escape for those seeking tranquility and spiritual reflection.
However, in the 9th century AD, the function of this complex changed to a palace under a Hindu ruler named Rakai Walaing Pu Kumbhayoni. This change makes Ratu Boko Temple a witness to the fusion of two cultures and religions, namely Buddhism and Hinduism.
This temple was rediscovered by the Dutch archaeologist, van Boeckholtz, in 1790. Since then, archaeological research has continued to be conducted to explore the history and function of this temple, which was eventually discovered to have been used as a palace and a defensive fortress.
Structure of Ratu Boko Temple Building
Ratu Boko Temple Complex consists of various parts that show their respective functions and uniqueness. Here is an explanation of the main structures in this complex:
1. Gate
The main gate of Ratu Boko Temple is located on the west side. To reach it, visitors need to walk about 100 meters from the parking area.
This gate has two parts, namely the outer gate and the larger main gate. The ukel (coil) ornaments and giant heads on the stairs add a majestic impression to this gate.
2. Batu Kapur Temple
After passing through the gate, there is Batukapur Temple which is a square foundation measuring 5 x 5 meters.
The foundations were made of limestone, while the roof and walls are thought to have been made of organic materials such as wood or tiles, which have now disappeared.
3. Pembokoran Temple
Pembokoran Temple is shaped like a terrace 3 meters high with an area of 26 square meters. In the middle there is a square well measuring 4 x 4 meters which is believed to have been used for cremation in the past. The old well next to this temple is considered a source of holy water by the local people.
4. The temple
Paseban is a place where people or officials face the king. This building is a long terrace measuring 7 x 38 meters with 20 pillar foundations. Its location is about 45 meters from the main gate, making it an important part of the complex.
5. Hall
Pendapa is a living room in the form of a roofed floor surrounded by 3 meter high stone walls. Inside there are roofed gates on the north, west and south sides. Outside the pendapa, there are three small temples used for worshiping the gods Shiva, Vishnu, and Brahma.
6. Princess
The Keputren is the residence of royal princesses. This area is located to the east of the pendapa and is divided into two parts by a stone wall. Inside there are small pools, including three square pools and eight circular pools neatly lined up.
7. Cave
On the hillside of the Ratu Boko Temple complex, there are two small caves called Gua Lanang (male) and Gua Wadon (female). Lanang Cave is shaped like a rectangular corridor, while Wadon Cave is smaller in size with niches that resemble chambers.
Location and Operating Hours
Ratu Boko Temple is located at Jl. Raya Piyungan-Prambanan No. 2, Gatak, Bokoharjo, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta.
The location is easily accessible via Jalan Laksda Adisutjipto or Jalan Raya Solo-Yogya. After reaching Prambanan Market, visitors can take the road south towards Prambanan-Piyungan Road. Signs will guide you to the temple location.
Ratu Boko Temple’s operating hours are from 07:00 to 17:00 WIB, so visitors have enough time to explore every corner of the complex.
Ratu Boko Temple Ticket Prices
The following are details of the entrance ticket prices to Ratu Boko Temple:
- Adults (10 years and above): 40,000 per person
- Children (ages 3-10 years): 20,000 per person
- Group (minimum 20 people): 20,000 per person
There are also through tickets for visits to Prambanan or Borobudur Temples for Rp85,000, including shuttle facilities.
Tourist Facilities at Ratu Boko Temple
For the convenience of visitors, Ratu Boko Temple has been equipped with various facilities, including:
- Large parking area for two and four wheeled vehicles.
- Prayer room for visitors who want to pray.
- Clean and well maintained toilets.
- Open green park as a relaxing area.
- CCTV and security guards guarding the safety of visitors.
- Tour guides are ready to provide in-depth information about the history and structure of the temple.
Ratu Boko Temple is a tourist destination that combines the beauty of history, legend, and architecture with a calming natural atmosphere. The uniqueness of this complex, which reflects the fusion of Buddhism and Hinduism, makes it a symbol of cultural diversity in the past.
With its strategic location and complete facilities, Ratu Boko Temple is a must-visit place when in Yogyakarta. As one of the prominent Tourist Attractions in Kaliurang, it offers not only a historical site but also a soul-stirring experience for every visitor.
